Promises and Limitations of Diagnostic Classifications for Musculoskeletal Pain

Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto has a background in physiotherapy (BSc, University of Padua, 2005) and clinical epidemiology (MSc ‘cum laude’, VU University Amsterdam, 2014). During his PhD, he coordinated an international group of researchers, clinicians and patients consumers to develop a core outcome measurement set for clinical trials in patients with low back pain. He completed his PhD in 2018 (VU University Amsterdam) with a thesis entitled “A core outcome measurement set for low back pain”. Since 2018, he works at the Department of General Practice of Erasmus MC. He also works part-time at the VU Department of Health Sciences.

Dr. Chiarotto’s research currently focuses on the clinical management of patients with spine-related musculoskeletal disorders, and on methodological research on the assessment and interpretation of patient-reported outcome measures. He was co-promotor of one PhD student who successfully defended his PhD (2020, Erasmus MC). He now supervises 7 PhD students and one post-doctoral researcher. He has > 40 articles published in international scientific journals (Scopus H-Index 16), including high ranking journals like BMJ, Pain, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. Two years and half after the end of his PhD, he acquired > 500.000€ in research funding.

Laura A. Frey Law is a Professor of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science at the University of Iowa, where she leads research within the Neuromuscular Biomechanics Laboratory. Her work centers on two major areas of investigation: pain heterogeneity and the dynamics of muscular strength and fatigue.

Dr. Frey Law’s research on pain seeks to understand the multifactorial contributors to individual pain variability, including biological sex, psychological traits, genetics, and activity levels. Utilizing experimental human pain models—such as intramuscular infusion, cold pressor testing, and induced muscle fatigue—along with survey-based measures of pain perception and personality characteristics, she investigates why women appear more likely than men to exhibit referred pain despite similar local pain responses.

Her second line of research focuses on mathematical modeling and empirical study of strength and fatigue, conducted in collaboration with the Virtual Soldier Research group. This work explores static and dynamic strength indices, aging-related differences, sex-based variations, and muscle-specific fatigue patterns to better understand human physical performance capacity and its clinical implications.

Paul W. Hodges DSc MedDr PhD BPhty(Hons) FAA FACP APAM(Hon) is an National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Leadership Fellow (Level 3), Professor and Director of the Centre for Innovation in Pain and Health Research (CIPHeR) at The University of Queensland (UQ). He is lead chief investigator on an NHMRC Synergy Grant that includes colleagues from the Universities of Queensland, Adelaide and South Australia, and the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute. Paul is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, which is a Fellowship of the nation's most distinguished scientists, elected by their peers for outstanding research that has pushed back the frontiers of knowledge. He is also a Fellow of the Australian College of Physiotherapists, the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Science, and was made an Honoured member of the Australian Physiotherapy Association, their highest honour.

Stephanie Smith is a researcher within the Pain Centre Versus Arthritis at the University of Nottingham, studying pain management in osteoarthritis knee pain. Stephanie completed a BSc and MRes in Sports and Exercise Science at Nottingham Trent University, followed by a PhD at Glasgow Caledonian University exploring neuromuscular control in knee osteoarthritis. Stephanie then continued working as a post-doc researcher at Glasgow Caledonian University investigating the biomechanics of knee osteoarthritis before joining the University of Nottingham. Her interests lie in bridging the gap between basic science and clinical applications which a particular focus on neuromuscular control, muscle function and pain in osteoarthritis, rheumatic diseases and musculoskeletal conditions. She has also published in phenotyping and ultrasound in osteoarthritis.